{"id":14,"date":"2025-03-26T18:14:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T18:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spinabifida.kaza.cz\/?p=14"},"modified":"2025-04-03T19:43:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T19:43:53","slug":"diagnoza-rozstepu-patere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/2025\/03\/26\/diagnoza-rozstepu-patere\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagn\u00f3za roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je spina bifida?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Spina bifida<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako <strong>roz\u0161t\u011bp p\u00e1te\u0159e<\/strong>, je vrozen\u00e1 vada, kdy se b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje plodu neuzav\u0159e p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed kan\u00e1l. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k&nbsp;\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9mu v\u00fdstupu m\u00edchy a m\u00ed\u0161n\u00edch obal\u016f z&nbsp;p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edho kan\u00e1lu, a zp\u016fsobuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a fyzick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diagnostika roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e \u010dasto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. K&nbsp;detekci m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit ultrazvukov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, magnetick\u00e1 rezonance plodu a amniocent\u00e9za, kde se zkoum\u00e1 vzorek plodov\u00e9 vody. Po narozen\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed na \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00ed diagnostick\u00e9 metody jako&nbsp;t\u0159eba rentgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky p\u00e1te\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"typy\">Typy roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Spina bifida occulta:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nejleh\u010d\u00ed forma, kdy je m\u00edcha a nervy v&nbsp;norm\u00e1ln\u00ed poloze a jedn\u00e1 se roz\u0161t\u011bp jednoho nebo v\u00edce obratl\u016f. Na prvn\u00ed pohled nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt viditeln\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meningocele:<\/strong>&nbsp;M\u00ed\u0161n\u00ed obaly vystupuj\u00ed z&nbsp;p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edho kan\u00e1lu, ale m\u00edcha je v&nbsp;norm\u00e1ln\u00ed poloze<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Myelomeningocele:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed forma, kdy m\u00edcha a nervy vystupuj\u00ed z&nbsp;p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edho kan\u00e1lu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Spina_image.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Spina_image.jpg 500w, https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Spina_image-300x152.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Druhy roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e. Zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/Spina_Bifida#\/media\/File:Spina_image.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.physio-pedia.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"projevy\">Projevy roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvotn\u00ed neuzav\u0159en\u00ed roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 projevy a druhotn\u00e9 komplikace. N\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 symptomy zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hydrocefalus, co\u017e je nadm\u011brn\u00e9 hromad\u011bn\u00ed mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edho moku v&nbsp;mozku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poruchy pohybu doln\u00edch kon\u010detin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poruchy mo\u010den\u00ed a stolice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mo\u017en\u00e9 deformity p\u00e1te\u0159e, jako je&nbsp;skoli\u00f3za<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mo\u017en\u00e9 deformity nohou, nap\u0159. pes equinovares<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-base-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3506ccca137545bd6b675ec393f627b3\">Ment\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti pacient\u016f se spinou bifidou b\u00fdvaj\u00ed neovlivn\u011bn\u00e9, obvykle se jedn\u00e1 \u010di\u0161t\u011b o fyzick\u00e9 omezen\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Co je hydrocefalus?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky neuzav\u0159en\u00e9mu p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edmu kan\u00e1lu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k podtlaku, kter\u00fd &#8220;nasaje&#8221; zadn\u00ed moze\u010dek sm\u011brem do p\u00e1te\u0159e do tzv. Arnold Chiariho II. malformace a t\u00edm znesnadn\u00ed pr\u016ftok mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edho moku mezi hlavou a p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00ed mok za\u010dne hromadit v hlav\u011b a na ultrazvuku je pak vid\u011bt roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edch komor, hovo\u0159\u00edme o tzv. hydrocefalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Poruchy vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 s roz\u0161t\u011bpem p\u00e1te\u0159e \u010dasto vylu\u010duj\u00ed jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, ne\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 obvykl\u00e9. Kv\u016fli degradaci ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bra\u010d\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 praxi pat\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 c\u00e9vkov\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed klysmatu pro vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pacienti se c\u00e9vkov\u00e1n\u00ed nau\u010d\u00ed \u010dasem obsluhovat sami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Deformity nohou<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi mo\u017en\u00e9 deformity nohou pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. Pes Equinovares, tedy tzv. golfov\u00e9 no\u017ei\u010dky. Tato vada lze \u0159e\u0161it modern\u00edmi odborn\u00fdmi metodami a s\u00e1drov\u00e1n\u00edm. Kvalitn\u00ed osv\u011btu pro tuto vadu nab\u00edz\u00ed spolek Achilleus: <a href=\"https:\/\/achilleus.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">achilleus.cz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lecba\">L\u00e9\u010dba roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu a z\u00e1va\u017enosti vady. V&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nen\u00ed nutn\u00fd&nbsp;<strong>chirurgick\u00fd z\u00e1krok<\/strong>, jindy je naopak nutn\u00e9 ho prov\u00e9st ji\u017e kr\u00e1tce po porodu, aby do\u0161lo k&nbsp;uzav\u0159en\u00ed roz\u0161t\u011bpu. D\u00edky nov\u00fdm medic\u00ednsk\u00fdm metod\u00e1m je dnes mo\u017en\u00e9 roz\u0161t\u011bp p\u00e1te\u0159e uzav\u0159\u00edt dokonce je\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed operac\u00ed v d\u011bloze matky a to s prokazateln\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami oproti operac\u00edm proveden\u00fdm po porodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pacienti s roz\u0161t\u011bpem vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <strong>fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed terapie<\/strong>&nbsp;k&nbsp;zlep\u0161en\u00ed pohyblivosti. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>pravideln\u00e1 kontrola u&nbsp;l\u00e9ka\u0159e<\/strong>&nbsp;a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohyblivosti pacienta.&nbsp;Mezi odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed pacienty s roz\u0161t\u011bpem sleduj\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed: neurochirurgie, neurologie, urologie, nefrologie, ortopedie a fyzioterapie. Dohromady ov\u0161em dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i s pacienty s roz\u0161t\u011bpem p\u00e1te\u0159e ud\u011blat velk\u00e9 pokroky,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"zaver\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Roz\u0161t\u011bp p\u00e1te\u0159e je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 vada, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na kvalitu \u017eivota posti\u017een\u00e9ho jedince. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v&nbsp;\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto stavu, nebo\u0165 prenat\u00e1ln\u00ed operace k uzav\u0159en\u00ed spiny bifidy, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u011b zlep\u0161uje progn\u00f3zy pacient\u016f, se doporu\u010duj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do 27. t\u00fddne t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. D\u00edky modern\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm postup\u016fm a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm technik\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee mnoho posti\u017een\u00fdch jedinc\u016f \u017e\u00edt plnohodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot. Pro rodiny a jednotlivce s&nbsp;posti\u017een\u00edm je podstatn\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup <a href=\"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/category\/podpora\/\" data-type=\"category\" data-id=\"9\">k&nbsp;informac\u00edm a podpo\u0159e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho zdroje: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pilulka.cz\/rozstep-patere-co-byste-meli-vedet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.pilulka.cz<\/a> a je d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co je spina bifida? Spina bifida, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako roz\u0161t\u011bp p\u00e1te\u0159e, je vrozen\u00e1 vada, kdy se b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje plodu neuzav\u0159e p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed kan\u00e1l. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k&nbsp;\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9mu v\u00fdstupu m\u00edchy a m\u00ed\u0161n\u00edch obal\u016f z&nbsp;p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edho kan\u00e1lu, a zp\u016fsobuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a fyzick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Diagnostika roz\u0161t\u011bpu p\u00e1te\u0159e \u010dasto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. K&nbsp;detekci m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit ultrazvukov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed b\u011bhem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diagnoza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":344,"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions\/344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spina-bifida.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}